Summary Report for: 33-1021.01 - Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors. Supervise fire fighters who control and extinguish municipal fires, protect life and property, and conduct rescue efforts. Enhance your construction estimating skill by undergoing construction estimating course, construction courses free online, construction course distance learning. CPCC Program Areas Accounting. The Accounting curriculum is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for employment and growth in the accounting profession. Summary Report for: 33-2021.02 - Fire Investigators. Conduct investigations to determine causes of fires and explosions. Sample of reported job titles: Arson Investigator, Chief Arson Division, Fire and Explosion. Fundamentals of Wildlife Damage Inspection. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT. OF WILDLIFE DAMAGE: AN OVERVIEW Introduction Wildlife management is often thought of in terms of protecting, enhancing, and nurturing wildlife populations and the habitat needed for their wellbeing. However, many species at one time or another require management actions to reduce conflicts with people or with other wildlife species. Examples include an airport manager modifying habitats to reduce gull activity near runways, a forester poisoning pocket gophers to increase tree seedling survival in a reforestation project, or a biologist trapping an abundant predator or competing species to enhance survival of an endangered species. Concurrent with this growing need to reduce wildlife- people conflicts, public attitudes and environmental regulations are restricting use of some of the traditional tools of control such as toxicants and traps. Agencies and individuals carrying out control programs are being more carefully scrutinized to ensure that their actions are justified, environmentally safe, and in the public interest. Thus, wildlife damage control activities must be based on sound economic, ecological, and sociological principles and carried out as positive, necessary components of overall wildlife management programs. This chapter was adapted with permission from R. Identification and Control of Wildlife Damage. Research and management techniques for. Over 8,000 students each year trust RSA to provide the industry’s highest quality training, delivered online, at locations across North America and at purpose built flood house facilities. This NFPA report contains overall statistics from the NFPA survey of fire departments on fires, civilian deaths and injuries, and property damage in 2012. Ecology of the problem species. Ecology of the problem species refers to understanding the life history. Control methods application. Control methods application refers to taking the information gained from parts. Evaluation of control Evaluation of control allows an assessment of the reduction in damage in. Birds. Bird Damage Assessment. Birds annually destroy many millions of dollars worth of agricultural crops in North America. The greatest loss appears to be from blackbirds feeding on ripening corn; a survey in 1. United States of 3. Besser and Brady 1. Blackbird damage to sunflower crops in the upper Great Plains states was estimated at $5 million in 1. Hothem et al. Damage by various bird species to fruit crops, peanuts, truck crops, and small grains also can be severe in localized areas (Besser 1. Fish- eating birds can cause major losses at fish rearing facilities. Economic losses from bird strikes to aircraft are perhaps more substantial than those in agriculture, at least $2. US commercial air carriers (Steenblik 1. Merritt 1. 99. 0). For this reason, subjective estimates often overestimate losses as much as tenfold (Weatherhead et al. Thus, objective estimates of bird damage to agricultural crops are important in order to accurately define the magnitude of the problem and to plan appropriate, cost- effective control actions (Dolbeer 1. For example, to objectively estimate the amount of blackbird damage in a ripening corn or sunflower field, the estimator should examine at least 1. If a field has 1. In each 3. 3- yard (3. Bird damage to corn can be estimated by measuring the length of damage on the ear (De. Grazio et al. 1. 96. Woronecki et al. 1. Fruit loss can be estimated by counting the numbers of undamaged, pecked, and removed fruits per sampled branch (Tobin and Dolbeer 1. Sprouting rice removed by birds can be estimated by comparing plant density in exposed plots with that in adjacent plots with wire bird exclosures (Otis et al. The seeded surface area of sunflower heads destroyed by birds can be estimated with the aid of a clear plastic template (Dolbeer 1. By estimating the number of birds of the depredating species feeding in an area, the percent of the crop in the birds’ diet, the caloric value of the crop, and the daily caloric requirements of the birds, one can project the total biomass of crop removed by birds on a daily or seasonal basis (White et al. Weather- head et al. Thus, observation is the best way to identify the species causing damage. Presence of a bird species in a crop that is receiving damage does not automatically prove the species guilty, however. For example, large, conspicuous flocks of common grackles in sprouting winter wheat fields were found, after careful observation and examination of stomach contents, to be eating corn residue from the previous crop. Smaller numbers of starlings were removing the germinating wheat seeds (Dolbeer et al. Below, the characteristics of damage for various groups of birds are described. For example, the ring- billed gull population in the Great Lakes region has been increasing at about 1. Blokpoel and Tessier 1. Gulls are the most serious bird threat to flight safety at airports (Solman 1. They are increasingly causing nuisance problems in urban areas by begging for food, defacing property, contaminating municipal water supplies, and nesting on rooftops. In rural areas, gulls sometimes feed on fruit crops, consume fish at aquaculture facilities, eat duck eggs and kill ducklings, and compete with threatened bird species for nest sites. The starling, a European species introduced to North America in the late 1. Together, blackbirds and starlings constitute the most abundant group of birds in North America, comprising a combined population of more than 1 billion (Dolbeer and Stehn 1. Much of this damage is done in late summer during the milk or dough stage of seed development. The seed contents of corn are removed, leaving the pericarp or outer coat on the cob. We all know electrical workers are responsible for installing many different electrical systems within a building (lighting and receptacles). But what about all of the other types of systems, such as building automation.Blackbird damage to sprouting rice in the spring can be important in localized areas. Although contamination of livestock feed by starling feces is often a concern of farmers, a study indicated this contamination did not interfere with food consumption or weight gain of cattle and pigs (Glahn and Stone 1. Starlings can be serious depredators in fruit crops such as cherries and grapes. The noise, fecal accumulation, and general nuisance caused by millions of birds roosting together near human habitations can be significant (White et al. Roosting birds near airports can create a safety hazard for aircraft. Roost sites, if used for several years, can become focal points for the fungus that causes histoplasmosis. Around storage facilities they consume and contaminate grain. Pigeons and sparrows may carry and spread various diseases to people, primarily through their droppings (Weber 1. Droppings allowed to accumulate over several years are of particular concern because they may harbor spores of the fungus that causes histoplasmosis. House sparrows can damage small grain crops but this is normally of economic concern only around agricultural experiment stations with small but valuable research plots (Royall 1. Sparrows build bulky grass nests in buildings, drain spouts, and other sites where they can cause fire hazards or other problems. In certain situations, these species kill newborn lambs or other livestock by pecking their eyes (Larsen and Dietrich 1. Magpies sometimes peck scabs on freshly branded cattle. Most of this loss is localized and minor. Crow damage to apples can be distinguished from damage by smaller birds by the deep (up to 2 inches . Roosting congregations in trees, in parks, and cemeteries sometimes cause nuisance problems because of noise and feces. Salmon smolts released in rivers in the northeastern United States have suffered heavy depredation by cormorants. In recent years, double- crested cormorants have caused serious losses at commercial fish ponds in the southern United States (Stickley and Andrews 1. Nighttime observations are sometimes necessary to determine the depredating species because herons and bitterns will feed at night. Unlike mammalian predators, raptors usually kill only one bird per day. Raptor kills usually have bloody puncture wounds in the back and breast. Owls often remove the head. Raptors generally pluck birds, leaving piles of feathers. Plucked feathers with small amounts of tissue clinging to their bases were pulled from a cold bird that had probably died from other causes and was simply scavenged by the raptor. If the base of a plucked feather is smooth and clean, the bird was plucked soon after dying. Because raptors have large territories and are not numerous in any one area, the removal of one or two individuals will generally solve a problem. This predation can be locally severe in the sheep- producing areas from New Mexico to Montana (Phillips and Blom 1. Close examination is needed to identify an eagle kill. Eagles have three front toes opposing the hind toe, or hallux, on each foot. The front talons normally leave punctures about 1 to 2 inches (2. V” and the wound from the hallux will be 4 to 6 inches (1. In contrast, mammalian predators almost always leave four punctures or bruises from the canine teeth. Talon punctures are usually deeper than tooth punctures and there is seldom any crushing of tissue between the talon punctures. If a puncture cannot be seen from the outside, skin the carcass to determine the pattern of talon or tooth marks. Often a young lamb is killed with a single puncture from the hallux in the top of the skull and the three opposing talons puncturing the base of the skull or top of the neck (O’Gara 1. O’Gara 1. 99. 4). Woodpeckers. Woodpeckers at times cause damage to buildings with wood siding, especially cedar and redwood (Evans et al. The birds peck holes to locate insects, store acorns, or establish nest sites. They also damage utility poles. Sapsuckers attack trees to feed on the sap, bark tissues, and insects attracted to the sap. This feeding can sometimes kill the tree or degrade the quality of wood for commercial purposes (Ostry and Nicholls 1. Woodpeckers occasionally annoy homeowners by knocking on metal rain gutters and stove pipes to proclaim their territories. Damage occurs from direct consumption of grain and from trampling, which dislodges kernels from heads. Losses from trampling may be at least double the losses from consumption (Sugden and Goerzen 1. Canada geese can also cause serious damage to sprouting soybeans in spring and to standing corn fields in the autumn. Canada geese have adapted to suburban environments in the past 2. Conover and Chasko 1. Ungulates (Deer, Elk, Moose).
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